陕西省南部地区土壤粘粒特性研究

陕西南部土壤粘粒特性的研究发现,陕西省南部北亚热带湿润地区,发育在第四纪下蜀黄土母质上的土壤粘粒含量高,粘化层不明显,粘土矿物以伊利石和蒙脱石为主,粘粒铁富集明显;发育在基岩风化物母质上的土壤粘化层明显,粘土矿物以蒙脱石、蛭石为主,且有一定量的高岭石,粘粒中铝富集强烈。中山区暖温带湿润地区的土壤,粘粒含量较低,粘土矿物以伊利石、绿泥石为主,粘粒中铁、铝富集均不明显,元素的淋溶迁移较弱。     

不同产区黑木耳中营养成分比较分析

以吉林、黑龙江、辽宁、河北、湖北、新疆、浙江、江西、西藏9个不同产地的黑木耳为试材,采用国标规定方法分析黑木耳中常规营养物质,利用高效液相色谱法分析黑木耳中氨基酸含量,利用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪检测矿物质含量,利用气相色谱法检测脂肪酸含量。以期为研究不同产地黑木耳中营养成分的差异、调节饮食结构、开发黑木耳新产品提供参考依据。结果表明:不同产地黑木耳常规营养成分具有一定的差异性。江西黑木耳灰分、粗脂肪,吉林黑木耳膳食纤维,浙江黑木耳粗蛋白、总糖,辽宁黑木耳粗多糖含量显著高于其他地区(P<0.05)。辽宁和浙江的黑木耳中必需氨基酸含量较高,分别达到41.89、39.20 g·kg-1,占总氨基酸数的45.52%、38.02%;浙江黑木耳中味觉氨基酸、药用氨基酸含量显著高于其他地区。江西黑木耳中铁、钙、锌含量均显著高于其他8个地区(P<0.05);共检测23种脂肪酸,其中9种饱和脂肪酸和14种不饱和脂肪酸。对营养成分进行相关性及主成分分析发现,灰分、膳食纤维、粗脂肪、粗蛋白、总糖、粗多糖为主要的品质指标,综合评价发现西藏、湖北、吉林黑木耳品质较优。     

重庆地区主要紫色母岩中部分层状硅酸盐矿物差异性的研究

[目的]为了探讨重庆地区紫色土母岩的矿物组成特性和差异性。[方法]对重庆地区主要紫色母岩进行了XRD分析。[结果]重庆地区主要紫色母岩的层状硅酸盐矿物组成种类相对一致,除沙溪庙组母岩中未检出绿泥石外,其余各母岩中层状硅酸盐矿物都为蛭石、绿泥石、伊利石、高岭石和云母;在不同种类紫色母岩中,各层状硅酸盐矿物相对含量存在0.05水平显著差异;各紫色母岩中,伊利石结晶度不存在显著差异。[结论]紫色母岩中的层状硅酸盐矿物的种类、相对含量以及伊利石结晶度随地理位置改变未发生明显的变化。     

绵羊宿营法防除天然草地灌木杂草研究Ⅳ新鲜羊粪尿对土壤和植物矿物质元素含量的影响

新鲜绵羊粪尿对土壤和植物矿物质元素含量影响的试验于 1998年在贵州高原草地试验站进行。结果表明 ,绵羊新鲜粪尿加入土壤后 ,土壤 K呈波浪型升高。 K又显著影响土壤 Ca、Fe和Mn的浓度及土壤 p H值。土壤 Na水平呈下降趋势。土壤中 Ca含量与土壤可交换性亚硝态氮和硝态氮显著相关。土壤 Mg的变化不如其他元素变化明显。土壤 Cu受 Ca、Fe和亚硝态氮及硝态氮的影响显著。土壤 Zn比试验前有所下降 ,其含量与土壤铵态氮和亚硝态氮呈显著负相关 ,而与土壤Na、Mg和 Cu呈显著正相关。土壤 Fe在整个试验过程中呈上升趋势 ,UDT处理几乎呈直线上升。土壤 Mn的变化和土壤 K有显著正相关 ,还与铵态氮相关极显著 (R=0 .80 51,P<0 .0 1)。绵羊新鲜粪尿使植物体内 Fe、Zn水平降低 ,但促进植物 Mn的含量升高 ,而对植物 Cu水平影响最小。结果还表明 ,植物体内 K含量受土壤 Cu和 Na的抑制 ,同时还与植物吸收 Mg、Na和 Fe发生拮抗作用 ,促进了植物 Ca的吸收。植物吸收 Na与土壤 Na的浓度显著相关 ,但受到植物吸收 K、Ca和 Mn的抑制。植物 Ca水平与降雨及植物体内 Fe水平呈显著负相关 ,而与土壤可交换性铵态氮和植物体内 K、Mg含量呈显著正相关。植物体内 Mg含量受土壤可交换性铵态氮和硝态氮的显著影响 ,但受土壤 Ca的抑制     

Recycling of isabgol (Plantago ovata Forsk.) straw biomass and mineral powder with bio-inoculants as an effective soil amendment for isabgol cultivation

Efficient utilization of isabgol (Plantgo ovata Forsk.) straw biomass through preparation of bio-active organic fertilizer in a natural composting process has not been studied. In this study, phosphate rock and silicate mineral (mica) powder were used as natural sources of phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), respectively. Cow dung slurry as a natural decomposer was mixed with the straw biomass at a 10:1 (weight/weight) ratio along with mineral powder. Then, nutrient-mobilizing bio-inoculants were used in the composting process after attaining thermal stabilization. The agronomic effectiveness of the resulting bio-active compost (BAC) as a bio-organic fertilizer was compared with that of conventional organics (farmyard manure and vermicompost) and chemical fertilizer (CF) by growing isabgol under field conditions. Composting with the natural sources of P and K along with the bio-inoculants increased the total nitrogen (13.6 g kg^-1), P (38.7 g kg^-1), and K (31.2 g kg^-1) contents in the final product (i.e., BAC) compared with composting without the mineral powder and bio-inoculants. Application of BAC remarkably improved the seed yield (2.5%) and husk quality of isabgol in comparison with conventional organics and CF. Compared with CF, BAC significantly boosted the economic yield of isabgol by improving the husk recovery (2.5%) and mucilage yield (4.12%). Furthermore, BAC significantly improved the soil quality by increasing organic carbon (C), available nutrients, and microbial biomass C contents, as well as enzyme activity. The positive correlation between soil and plant parameters also highlighted the benefits of BAC for isabgol production through soil quality improvement. Therefore, it can be considered as a zero-waste technology, whereby a large quantity of straw biomass generated from isabgol cultivation, which contains essential nutrients, can be recycled back to the soil. Furthermore, BAC can be effectively used as a bio-active organic fertilizer, particularly in systems where chemical inputs are restricted, such as organic agriculture.     

Changes in phytate phosphorus and minerals during germination and cooking of horse gram and moth bean

The phytate phosphorus in horse gram and moth bean seeds accounted for 57% and 55%, respectively, of the total phosphorus. During germination, there was a continuous decrease in the proportion of phytate phosphorus. In 48 h germinated seeds, the phytate phosphorus accounted for only 20% and 26%, respectively of the total phosphorus. A significant amount of calcium was leached out during germination. Other minerals were not affected significantly. Cooking decreased phytate phosphorus in ungerminated and germinated seeds of both the legumes. Calcium content in ungerminated and 12 h germinated moth bean seeds decreased significantly during cooking. Such a decrease was noticed in ungerminated seeds of horse gram. No significant changes were noticed in magnesium, iron, manganese, and zinc contents of both the legumes due to cooking.     

我国变性土粘土矿物组成和土壤系统分类

对淮北变性土和长江下游变性型新成土的粘土矿物半定量研究表明,变性土胶粒和粘拉以蒙皂石占优势,粘料中蒙皂石占41.1％～56.5％,次为水化云母、高岭石。新成土胶拉以蒙皂石为多,粘粒则以水化云母为主,占43.6％～51.0％,次为高岭石,尚存蒙皂石及混层矿物。二地区土壤粘拉中含蛭石,但均未发现绿泥石。粉砂中矿物类型甚多,但几无蒙皂石。作者认为大量膨胀性粘土矿物存在,是土壤产生变性诊断特征的物质基础,因而是变性土鉴定主要依据之一。文中对上述土壤作了土属的系统分类和命名。     

玉米施用硅肥田间定位试验研究

1998～2001年进行了玉米合理施用硅肥的田间定位试验研究。结果表明:施用硅肥促进了玉米生长发育,增强了光合作用,提高了光能利用率和水分利用率,达到了节水、抗旱、增产的目的。在一般干旱年份,硅肥用量以500～750kg/hm2为佳,在特旱年份以250kg/hm2左右为宜。     

Chemical Composition of Bovine Colostrum

Chemical compositions of bovine colstrum and their change after parturition were studied.Fat,total protein,whey proteins,ash and total solid were higher than those in milk and decreased as lactation time was increased.Lactose was lower than that in milk and incresed with the increase of lactation time,whey proteins of colostrum such as Ig,β-Lg,BSA,Lf and Lp were obviously higher than those in milk and decreased as lactation time was increased.There were high unsaturated fatty acids in colostrum compared with bovine milk.Na,Cl,Fe,Zn,Cr and Mg in colostrum were giher than those in milk.They fell as lactation time was increased.I,K,P,Mn and Cu increased with the increase of lactation time.Co,As and Pb were not detecred by ICP method.